{"id":43068,"date":"2021-08-02T21:14:24","date_gmt":"2021-08-03T01:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/?p=43068"},"modified":"2024-01-04T15:46:30","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T20:46:30","slug":"composting-heads-for-cruising-sailboats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/story\/how-to\/composting-heads-for-cruising-sailboats\/","title":{"rendered":"Composting Heads for Cruising Sailboats"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\"composting <\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n
\n A composting marine toilet like the Air Head we installed aboard our 41-footer (top left) differs from the usual onboard head most sailors are familiar with.<\/span>\n Heather Francis<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t <\/figcaption>\n <\/section>\n\t\t\n\n\n

I first got a whiff of the composting-toilet trend a couple of years ago when my Instagram feed exploded with stories of cruisers replacing their regular marine toilets with modern composting versions. It didn\u2019t even occur to me that one day we would join the composting-toilet movement too. Then, after 10 years of trouble-free use, we started getting blockages in the head.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This new development, along with a pervasive \u201ctoilet funk\u201d in the cupboards\u2014not so much stale salt water but an odor more like a dirty public bathroom\u2014led us to believe that after a decade, the hard sanitation hose that connected the toilet discharge to the overboard seacock had deteriorated. But we also needed to address another fault in the system: the lack of a reasonable-\u00adsize holding tank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When we bought Kate<\/i>, our 1973 Newport 41, in 2008, the seller had recently installed a holding tank to comply with US Coast Guard regulations. The undersize 5-gallon holding tank may have been compliant, but it didn\u2019t have the capacity to keep up with everyday use. Since none of the authorities in the 13 countries we have sailed to ever inquired about our holding tank, this hadn\u2019t been an issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, our next stops were Borneo and Malaysia, where marina stays would be possible and regulations are reportedly followed. A functioning holding tank would be necessary. As we drew straws to decide who got the job of jumping overboard to snake the discharge through-hull, and hopefully free the blockage, we decided it was finally time to find a solution to our toilet troubles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Composting Toilet?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

So what, exactly, is a composting toilet? Simply put, it\u2019s a type of sanitation system that does not use water to dispose of human waste. This \u201cdry\u201d system promotes decomposition through controlled aerobic conditions, or composting. Unlike a port-a-potty or chemical toilet, composting toilets separate liquid and solid waste, which speeds up \u00addecomposition and reduces odors. To control moisture content and further aid in odor elimination, urine-\u00addiversion dry composting toilets (UDDC) line the solids tank with a naturally sourced medium such as coconut coir or peat moss. As well, most units vent to the outside via a small extraction fan and ductwork.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\"coconut <\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n
\n Perhaps the biggest difference is the coconut coir that lines the solids tank, seen here in both brick form and slightly hydrated.<\/span>\n Heather Francis<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t <\/figcaption>\n <\/section>\n\t\t\n\n\n

The two most popular brands of UDDC toilets on the market today are Nature\u2019s Head and Air Head. Both are constructed from ABS plastic and are \u00adsimilarly priced ($925 and $1,030, respectively, online) but vary slightly in overall design. We decided on the Air Head for two main reasons. First, the toilet seat is both the same size and shape as our previous marine toilet. We hoped that this would give the user a feel that we were accustomed to. Second, the design of the Air Head makes it possible to remove the liquid tank without opening the solid tank. This thoughtful design feature alone makes it preferable to the competition. Add the smaller footprint and a lack of sharp corners, and the Air Head seemed like the perfect fit for our boat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Installation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Installing our Air Head composting toilet was extremely easy. Due to its compact size, we were able to place the unit where our original toilet had been mounted, without modifying any cabinetry. Our only stumbling block was that our traditional ceramic toilet was mounted on a raised pedestal to bring it up to a standard user height, 14 inches from floor to seat. To \u00adaccommodate the built-in solids tank, the Air Head measures 19 \u00adinches from floor to seat. This \u201ccomfort height\u201d is installed in wheelchair-accessible stalls in public bathrooms. When we placed the Air Head on top of our raised pedestal, it measured 25 inches from floor to seat. This elevation made it feel more like you are perching on the edge of the toilet rather than sitting squarely atop it. We investigated removing the pedestal but quickly discovered that it concealed the curve of the hull. Removing it would give us a few inches but not a level surface. We continued with Plan A and waited to see if the toilet height would be a pain in the butt. Literally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\"urine <\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n
\n The urine tank, removed for emptying, has a sight glass on top and also a handy carrying strap.<\/span>\n Heather Francis<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t <\/figcaption>\n <\/section>\n\t\t\n\n\n

The Air Head toilet is held in place with four simple stainless-steel brackets. Screwed down to the floor, the brackets capture bolts on the sides of both the solid and liquid tanks, which tighten down with simple wingnuts to secure the toilet in place. The only other thing to do is run the ventilation hose and wire in a small fan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Included with the Air Head is a short length of flexible hose and a ventilation cam, which houses the fan. To avoid cutting more holes in the boat, we chose to repurpose the solar vent in the cabin top, which had failed the season before. It was still necessary to run wires to the 12-volt fan, but with the exterior housing of the solar vent in place, the exhaust fan was weather-protected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our installation isn\u2019t \u00adwinning any design awards, but it took less than an hour and didn\u2019t require any structural modifications\u2014a rare bragging point when discussing boat projects. Besides, when it comes to toilets, \u00adfunction is more important than aesthetics. After \u00adinstallation, there is only one thing you need to do to prep the Air Head for use: Add the coconut coir to the solids tank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prepping for Use<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Coconut coir is a natural, renewable product made from coconut husks. Sold at garden centers mainly as a growing medium, it is readily \u00adavailable worldwide. Coconut coir comes in dry, compressed blocks that are reconstituted with water, making them easy to store. A single 10-by-4-by-2-inch block will fluff up to about 8 liters of mulch. The Air Head comes with one coconut coir brick, but we have found that using one and a half bricks creates a better starting volume. Add too little coconut coir, and there won\u2019t be enough to cover the waste when you \u201cstir\u201d it after use; add too much, and you are taking up valuable space in the tank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

RELATED: <\/b>Sailing Totem: A Frank Discussion of Marine Heads<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

When working with a natural product, it\u2019s important to remember that no two bricks will be the same, so it is difficult to state the exact amount of water needed. However, the instructions say that the coconut should be hydrated into a \u201cmoist sawdust-like consistency\u201d that resembles \u201cdamp crumbly earth\u201d but should not look \u201cmuddy.\u201d It is also important to consider that the coconut coir will absorb moisture from the solid waste when the toilet is in use. So, as we found out the hard way, erring on the side of dry is preferable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using the Toilet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Air Head toilet bowl looks strangely small and shallow, and we wondered if it would work as claimed. Not surprisingly, the designers put a lot of thought into the shape and function of the toilet, and I am happy to report that we\u2019ve had no troubles at all after six months of daily use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other than remembering to flip the handle to open the trap door to the solids tank before<\/i> use, and to stir the solids after<\/i> use using the crank on the side of the tank, the Air Head functions the same as a standard toilet. There is no splash back when you pee, and the urine is neatly diverted into the liquids tank. Similarly, the size of the opening to the solids tank worked fine. No mess, no fuss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After use, I usually wipe down the basin with a bit of toilet paper and use a little spritz of diluted vinegar every couple of days just to keep things tidy. Between uses, keep the gasketed lid closed. Easy. The only trouble we encountered was a noticeable odor for the first week or so of use. This was not the \u201cpleasant earthy\u201d smell as often described in reviews of composting toilets, but rather a definite manure stink wafting from the vent. Happily, adding a handful of dry coconut coir to the solids tank remedied the issue. Less moisture equals less odor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\"solids <\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n
\n Likewise, the solids tank is also emptied separately and has a transport lid on top that makes the job straightforward.<\/span>\n Heather Francis<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t <\/figcaption>\n <\/section>\n\t\t\n\n\n

Emptying the Toilet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A composting toilet is a closed system that requires the solids and liquids tanks to be emptied regularly. The liquids tank has a small, opaque sight glass at the top, which indicates when it is full. Removing the liquids tank is as simple as backing off two wingnuts and slipping out the tank. A screw-on cap is supplied to ensure a dry run to the dump location. The amount of people on board and frequency of use will dictate how often the tank needs to be emptied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As expected, urine that sits in a tank for a few days will be a bit smelly, so a good rinse after emptying is necessary. Do not use bleach to clean the liquids tank because chlorine and the ammonia in urine combine to create a very toxic chloramine gas. A simple soap-and-water wash will suffice. After several weeks of use, the tank can accumulate crystalline deposits. Adding a handful of rice or dried beans to the wash cycle is enough to knock off any scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\"ventilation <\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n
\n A ventilation fan comes with the unit, which we installed in the space where the previous solar fan had failed.<\/span>\n Heather Francis<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t <\/figcaption>\n <\/section>\n\t\t\n\n\n

I must admit that I wasn\u2019t sure what to expect the first time I prepared to empty the solids tank. The manual describes it as the \u201chighlight of the tour,\u201d and although I think that\u2019s a bit of hyperbole, it was not completely unpleasant. We did get the estimated 60 uses into the tank before it needed to be emptied, but even when full, it did not smell when opened and was more loamy compost than toilet tank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seat is removed by easing off four wingnuts, turning the top slightly, and separating the bowl from the solids tank. A flat lid, which locks in the same way, is included to seal the tank for transport. The whole tank is removed from the mounting brackets and taken to a dump site. Because all the solids are organic, they can be dumped into a sewage system or disposed of like a soiled diaper. There is no need to rinse the solids tank. In fact, it is good to have a little organic matter clinging to the sides because this will kick-start the next composting process. As well, Air Head includes a small packet of enzymes that can be added to the solids tank to boost decomposition if things seem slow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\"folding <\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n
\n Our only stumbling block was that our former ceramic toilet had been mounted on a raised pedestal, but we solved the problem of perching on the throne with a simple folding stool.<\/span>\n Heather Francis<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t <\/figcaption>\n <\/section>\n\t\t\n\n\n

Final Thoughts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

We installed the Air Head toilet in February 2020 while we were on the hard in the Philippines. Weeks later, before we had a chance to relaunch, the COVID-19 \u00adpandemic shut down the world. At press time, I have been stranded in the boatyard, alone and on board, for several months and counting. I can\u2019t tell you how much I appreciate having a private, functioning, odor-free, comfortable toilet that works while the boat is out of the water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Air Head is considered a Type III Marine Sanitation Device, which means that we are now compliant with the international IMO MARPOL 73\/78 regulations. Between the ease of installation, maintenance-free use, and peace of mind knowing that we can use the head anytime and anywhere, our composting toilet is one of the best upgrades we\u2019ve ever done on board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heather Francis is from Nova Scotia, Canada, and has lived and worked on boats throughout the world. Since 2008, she has been sailing aboard <\/i>Kate, a Newport 41, with her Aussie partner, Steve. They are currently in the Philippines. Follow them at <\/i>yachtkate.com<\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

After a decade of trouble-free use, the conventional marine toilet on their 41-footer developed issues. Was a composting head the answer?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"BS_author_type":"BS_author_is_guest","BS_guest_author_name":"Heather Francis","BS_guest_author_url":"","hydra_display_date":"August 2, 2021","hydra_display_updated":false,"arc_story_id":"UW4IMVHMG5F5VLRBM3D7RRLGGM","arc_website_url":"story\/how-to\/composting-heads-for-cruising-sailboats\/","arc_subtype":"right-sidebar","arc_exclude_from_feeds":false,"sponsored":false,"sponsored_label":"Sponsored Content","sponsored_display_label":false,"post_right_rail":true,"post_right_rail_ad_1":true,"post_right_rail_ad_2":true,"post_right_rail_ad_3":false,"post_right_rail_ad_4":false,"post_right_rail_recirc":true,"fixed_anchor_ad":true,"post_top_ad":true,"post_off_ramp":true,"post_taboola":false,"labels":false,"apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"footnotes":"","ad_settings_ads_on_this_page":true,"ad_settings_automatic_ad_injection_into_the_content":true,"ad_targeting":"","sponsored_image":false,"sponsored_url":"","social_share":true},"categories":[164],"tags":[1225,183,239,238],"class_list":["post-43068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to","tag-hands-on-sailor","tag-how-to","tag-print-june-2021","tag-projects"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43068\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cruisingworld.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}